Background and objectives: In South Asia, there is a fragmented amount of data sources on lifestyle behaviors, dietary patterns, and their association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This review aims to synthesize existing evidence across South Asia to support the development of effective health policies and interventions at the regional level.

Methods: A narrative review was performed using peer-reviewed studies from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, and Nepal, covering publications from 2010 to 2022. Afghanistan was excluded because of its different socio-cultural ties with Central Asia and the Middle East. Searches were carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and open-access journal databases. After a thorough quality assessment, we got 84 primary studies that met the inclusion criteria.

Key content and findings: The analysis demonstrated substantial variations in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) across the region. The major risk factors identified include insufficient physical activity, frequent consumption of fast food and high-calorie foods, along with a markedly low intake of fruits and vegetables. These lifestyle choices are strongly correlated with the rising rates of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers.

Conclusions: To address the significant burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Asia, we must implement integrated strategies that actively promote balanced diets, regular physical activity, and robust community health awareness. These findings provide a strong foundation for policymakers, healthcare providers, and public health practitioners to design culturally relevant interventions and confidently strengthen preventive health policies across the region.

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