Birth asphyxia is a critical clinical problem worldwide that contributes to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the status of birth asphyxia and its associated risk factors among neonates attending a Bangladeshi tertiary-level public hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, from January to December 2019. A systematic sampling technique was applied in order to collect the data. The validated APGAR score measured neonates’ health status. Among the 377 neonates, 11.93% had birth asphyxia. This study explored a significant association (p=0.039) between neonate’s health/asphyxia status and the young age (15 to 20 years) of mothers. In addition, term period (p=0.03), low birth weight (p= 0.007), Caesarean section ((C-section) (p= 0.017)), abortion, and prolonged labor duration (>12 hours) were strongly associated with birth asphyxia in neonates. The study concludes that the young age of mothers, term period, low birth weight, C-section delivery, abortion, and longer labor duration were significantly associated with the birth asphyxia.